Staphylococcus ( Staphylococcus): what they are, main species and symptoms
Staphs correspond to a group of gram-positive bacteria that are round-shaped, clustered into clusters, similar to a cluster of grapes, and the genus is called Staphylococcus.
- These bacteria are naturally present in people without signs of disease; however.
- When the immune system is underdeveloped.
- As in the case of newborns.
- Or weakened due to chemotherapy treatment or old age.
- For example.
- The bacterium Staphylococcus can enter the body and cause disease.
Staph are small, immobile bacteria arranged in clusters and can be found naturally in humans, especially the skin and mucous membranes, without causing any disease. Most staph species are optional anaerobic, i.e. they can grow in an environment with or without oxygen.
As espécies de podem ser classificadas em dois grupos de acordo com a presença ou ausência da enzima coagulase. Assim, as espécies que possuem a enzima são denominadas coagulase positiva, sendo o Staphylococcus aureus a única espécie desse grupo, e as espécies que não possuem são chamadas de estafilococos coagulase negativa, cujas principais espécies são Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
O Staphylococcus aureus, ou S. aureus, é uma espécie de estafilococo normalmente encontrada na pela e na mucosa das pessoas, principalmente na boca e no nariz, não causando doença. Porém, quando o sistema imunológico encontra-se enfraquecido, o S. aureus pode entrar no organismo e causar infecções que podem ser leves, como a foliculite, ou graves, como a sepse, por exemplo, que pode colocar a vida da pessoa em risco.
Essa bactéria também pode ser facilmente encontrada em ambiente hospitalar, podendo causar infecções graves e difíceis de serem tratadas devido à resistência adquirida do microrganismo a vários antibióticos.
Staphylococcus aureus can enter the body through injuries or needles, especially for hospitalized people who use injectable drugs or who need to inject penicillin regularly, for example, but can also be transmitted from person to person by direct contact or by droplets of air.for coughing and sneezing.
Staphylococcus aureus infection is identified by microbiological tests that can be performed on any material, i.e. discharge from wounds, urine, saliva or blood.In addition, S.aureus can be identified by coagulase, as it is the only species of Staphylococcus that possesses this enzyme., and is therefore called positive coagulase. Learn more about S ID.Aureus.
Main symptoms: symptoms of S infection.aureus vary depending on the type of infection, the form of infection and the person’s condition; for example, there may be pain, redness and swelling of the skin when the bacteria proliferates on the skin, or high.muscle aches, headaches and general discomfort, which usually indicates that the bacteria is present in the blood.
Treatment mode: Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection varies depending on your antimicrobial susceptibility profile, which may vary depending on the person and hospital you are in, if that is the case. In addition, the doctor takes into account the patient’s health status and the patient’s symptoms, as well as other infections that may exist.Your doctor usually recommends using methicillin, vancomycin or oxycillin for 7 to 10 days.
Staphylococcus epidermidis or S.epidermidis, such as S.aureus, is usually present in the skin, without causing any type of infection, however, S.epidermids can be considered opportunistic because it is able to cause disease when the immune system is weakened or underdeveloped.as in the case of newborns, for example.
S.epidermidis is one of the main microorganisms isolated from hospitalized patients because it occurs naturally in the skin and its isolation is often considered as a contamination of the sample.However, S.epidermidis has been linked to a large number of hospital infections due to its ability to colonize intravascular devices, large wounds, prosthetics and heart valves, and may be associated with sepsis and heart disease.endocarditis, for example.
The ability to colonize medical equipment makes this microorganism resistant to a variety of antibiotics, which can complicate the treatment of infection and endanger a person’s life.
Confirmation of S.epidermidis infection occurs when two or more hemocultures are positive for this microorganism, in addition, it is possible to differentiate S.aureus of S.epidermidis by coagulase test, in which Staphylococcus epidermidis does not possess the enzyme, called negative coagulase.Understand how Staphylococcus epidermidis is identified.
Main symptoms: Symptoms of Staphylococcus epidermidis infection usually only appear when the bacteria is in the bloodstream and there may be high fever, headache, general discomfort, shortness of breath or shortness of breath and low blood pressure, for example.
Treatment mode: Treatment of S infection.epidermids varies depending on the type of infection and characteristics of the isolated microorganism, in cases where the infection is related to colonization of medical devices, for example, the replacement of the devices is indicated, thus eliminating bacteria.
When the infection is confirmed, your doctor may also indicate the use of antibiotics, such as vancomycin and rifampicin, for example.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus, or S.saprophyticus, as well as S.epidermidis, are considered a negative coagulase staphylococcus, which requires additional testing to differentiate these two species, such as the novobiocin test, which is an antibiotic to which S.saprophyticus is normally resistant and S .epidermidis is sensitive.
This bacterium is found naturally in the skin and genital area, without causing symptoms, however, in case of imbalance of the genital microbiota, S.saprophyticus causes a urinary tract infection, especially in women, as this bacterium is able to adhere to the urinary system cells of women of childbearing potential.
Main symptoms: The symptoms of S. saprophyticus infection are the same as those of a urinary tract infection, with pain and difficulty urinating, cloudy urine, feeling that you cannot empty your bladder, and a persistent low fever, for example.
How treatment is done: Treatment of S infection.saprophyticus is performed with the use of antibiotics, such as trietoprim, however, antibiotic treatment should only be indicated by the doctor in the presence of symptoms, otherwise it may favor the appearance of resistant bacteria.