Pyelonephritis is an infection of the urinary tract, usually caused by bladder bacteria, which affects the kidneys and causes inflammation. These bacteria are usually present in the gut, but due to certain conditions, they can proliferate and reach the kidneys.
E. coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that usually inhabits the intestines, responsible for approximately 90% of cases of pyelonephritis.
- This inflammation is most common in infants younger than one year old.
- Women.
- Because of the increased proximity between the anus and the urethra.
- And in men with benign prostate hyperplasia.
- As there is an increase in urinary retention.
Pyelonephritis can be classified as follows
The most characteristic symptoms of pyelonephritis are pains in the lower back, pelvis, abdomen and back. Other symptoms include:
In addition, the urine test indicates the presence of many bacteria and leukocytes in addition to the presence of blood, in some cases. See what the symptoms of a urinary tract infection are.
In addition to acute and chronic forms, pyelonephritis may be called enphysymatous or xantgranulomatous depending on symptoms. In pituitary pyelonephritis, there is a buildup of gases produced by bacteria in the kidney, which is more common in diabetics, while xantgranulomatous pyephritis is characterized by intense and constant inflammation of the kidney, leading to its destruction.
Skinonefritis during pregnancy is usually caused by a prolonged bladder infection, usually caused by bacteria or fungi such as Candida albicans.
During pregnancy, kidney infections are quite common, as elevated levels of hormones such as progesterone cause the urinary tract to loosen, making it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder and multiply them. When the infection is not diagnosed or treated, the microorganisms multiply and begin to rise in the urinary tract, reaching the kidneys and causing inflammation.
Treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy can be performed with antibiotics, which have no effect on the baby’s development, depending on the sensitivity profile of the microorganisms and have no effect on the development of the baby.
Treatment of pyelonephritis is usually done with antibiotics based on the sensitivity profile of the microorganism and should begin as soon as possible to prevent kidney damage and prevent bacteria from spreading into the bloodstream, causing sepsis. Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory pain may be used to relieve pain.
When pyelonephritis is caused by a blockage or malformation of the kidney, surgery may be needed to correct the problem.
Acute pyelonephritis, when left untreated, can promote the development of sepsis, renal abscess, kidney failure, high blood pressure and chronic pyelonephritis. In cases of chronic pyelonephritis, severe kidney damage and kidney failure, in addition to the use of antibiotics, weekly dialysis may be required to filter the blood.
Diagnosis of pyelonephritis is performed by the urologist by assessing the patient’s symptoms, a physical examination such as palpation of the lumbar region, and a urine test to identify the presence of blood, leukocytes and bacteria in the urine. An ultrasound, x-ray, and CT or MRI may be done to confirm the diagnosis, depending on the case.
Your doctor may also order a uroculture and antibiotic to identify the agent responsible for pyelonephritis and establish the best treatment line. Understand how urine culture is done.
A pielonefrite pode ser confundida com a uretrite e a cistite, uma vez que todas são infecções do trato urinário. No entanto, a pielonefrite corresponde a infecção que atinge os rins, enquanto que na cistite as bactérias atingem a bexiga e na uretrite, a uretra. Saiba o que é a uretrite e como tratar.