Respiratory diseases are diseases that can affect structures of the respiratory system such as the mouth, nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea and lungs.
They can reach people of all ages and, in most cases, are associated with lifestyle and air quality, i.e. the body’s exposure to contaminants, chemicals, cigarettes and even infections by viruses, fungi or bacteria, for example.
Depending on their duration, respiratory diseases are classified as
Some people may be born with a chronic respiratory disease that, in addition to external causes, can be genetic, such as asthma, while acute respiratory diseases are more often the result of respiratory system infections.
Chronic respiratory diseases usually affect lung structures and may be related to some type of longer inflammation. People who smoke are more exposed to air and dust pollution and are allergic to the risk of developing these types of diseases.
The main chronic respiratory diseases are
Chronic rhinitis is an inflammation of the inside of the nose that, in some cases, is caused by an allergy to hair, pollen, mold or animal dust, and is known as allergic rhinitis; However, rhinitis can also be caused by environmental contamination, sudden changes in weather, emotional stress, excessive use of nasal decongestants or ingestion of spicy foods and, in these cases, is known as chronic non-allergic rhinitis.
Symptoms of chronic allergic and non-allergic rhinitis are basically the same, such as sneezing, dry cough, runny nose, nasal congestion and even headaches.Itching in the nose, eyes and throat is very common when chronic rhinitis is caused by an allergy.
What to do: An otolaryngologist should be consulted to confirm the diagnosis and start the appropriate treatment, which is mainly based on the use of antihistamines and nasal spray, in some cases the doctor may recommend surgery, but it is rare and is usually indicated when other treatments are no longer effective.
People with chronic allergic and non-allergic rhinitis are advised to avoid contact with cigarette smoke, the use of carpets and lint, keep the house ventilated and clean, and wash bed linen frequently and at home.’Hot water. Here are other natural ways to relieve the symptoms of rhinitis.
Asthma is a very common disease in male children and occurs due to inflammation of the inner parts of the lung, causing swelling and reducing the passage of air through these structures, so the main symptoms of asthma are shortness of breath, shortness of breath, cough without mucus, wheezing and fatigue.
The cause of asthma is unknown, but having allergies, having an asthmatic relative, having other respiratory infections, and being exposed to air pollution may be related to asthma attacks.
What to do: Asthma is incurable, so it’s important to follow up with a pneumologist and use the indicated medications, such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs, to do breathing exercises with the help of a physical therapist can help people with asthma.It is recommended to be as exposed as possible to products that cause asthma attacks.Learn more about asthma treatment.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a set of lung diseases that block the passage of air into the lungs, the most common being:
People who smoke or have been exposed to chemicals for a long time are more likely to develop these types of diseases.The most common symptoms include a cough that has persisted for more than three months, with snot and shortness of breath.
What to do: It is recommended to seek the help of a pneumologist, as these diseases are incurable, but it is possible to control symptoms, some medications that may be indicated by the doctor are bronchodilators and corticosteroids, in addition to stopping smoking and Reducing inhalation of chemical agents prevents these diseases from getting worse.To better understand what COPD is, what the symptoms are and what to do.
Chronic sinusitis occurs when empty spaces in the nose and face are blocked by mucus or swelling for more than twelve weeks and do not improve even after treatment The person with chronic sinusitis experiences facial pain, eye tenderness, nasal congestion, cough, bad breath and sore throat.
People who have treated acute sinusitis, who have nasal polyps or a deviated septum are more likely to develop this type of sinusitis.
What to do: The otolaryngologist is best suited to accompany people with this type of disease.Treatment of chronic sinusitis involves the use of medications such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and antiallergics.Learn more about treatments for chronic sinusitis diseases.
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, better known as Koch Bacillus (BK). This disease affects the lungs, but depending on the degree, it can affect other organs in the body such as the kidneys, bones and heart..
In general, this disease causes symptoms such as coughing for more than three weeks, coughing up blood, breathing pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss and shortness of breath; However, some people may be infected with the bacteria and have no symptoms.
What to do: TB treatment is indicated by the pneumologist and is based on the use of a combination of several antibiotics. Medications prescribed by your doctor should be taken as directed and treatment usually lasts longer than 6 months. Learn more about home remedies to treat TB symptoms.
Acute respiratory diseases are often related to a certain type of respiratory system infection.These diseases occur quickly and should be treated and controlled by a doctor.
It is important to remember that acute respiratory diseases can often become chronic depending on the person’s health status or if treatment has not been done properly, in addition, most respiratory diseases are contagious, i.e. they pass from person to person.
The main acute respiratory diseases are
Influenza is an infection caused by the influenza virus and lasts about 7 to 10 days.Flu symptoms are called cough, headache, fever, and runny nose.Usually, in winter, people stay in crowded places, so cases of influenza increase.It is often mistaken for the flu, but it is caused by another type of virus, allowing you to better understand the differences between the flu and the cold.
What to do: Most of the time flu symptoms improve with home treatment, however, children, the elderly and people with low immunity must be accompanied by a gpation. Flu treatment is based on the use of medications to relieve symptoms, water intake and rest.
Currently, S SUS influenza vaccination campaigns are available for people at increased risk of getting influenza, but it is also available in private clinics.
Pharyngitis is an infection caused by viruses or bacteria that reaches an area at the back of the throat, also called pharynx.The most common symptoms of pharyngitis are swallowing pain, throat irritation and fever.
What to do: Treatment for pharyngitis will depend on whether it is caused by a virus, called viral pharyngitis, or whether it is caused by a bacteria, called bacterial pharyngitis.If symptoms persist after 1 week, it is important to consult a general practitioner.doctor or otolaryngologist who will recommend antibiotics if pharyngitis is bacterial.In case of viral pharyngitis, your doctor may prescribe medicines to relieve sore throats.
It is always important to remember that the person with pharyngitis should rest and drink many fluids.Learn more about what to do to relieve soreness and burns to your throat.
Pneumonia is an infection that affects the pulmonary alveoli that act as air sacs.This disease can reach one or both lungs and is caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi.Symptoms of pneumonia can vary from person to person, especially if you are a child or an older person, but generally have a high fever, breathing pain, a mucus cough, chills, and shortness of breath.See other symptoms of pneumonia here.
What to do: You should consult your family doctor or pneumologist, as pneumonia may get worse if left untreated, your doctor will prescribe medicines that eliminate the infection, which may be antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal, and your doctor may prescribe certain pain relief medications and reduce fever.
Some people are at increased risk of pneumonia, such as children under age 2, adults over 65, people who are poorly immunized for disease or are receiving chemotherapy, so in these cases when the first symptoms of pneumonia appear, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Acute bronchitis occurs when the ducts that carry air from the trachea to the lungs, called bronchi, become inflamed.This type of bronchitis is short-lived and is usually caused by viruses.Symptoms of bronchitis can often be mistaken for the flu and cold.symptoms because they are similar, including runny nose, cough, fatigue, wheezing, back pain and fever.
What to do: Acute bronchitis lasts an average of 10 to 15 days and symptoms tend to go away during this period, but follow-up with a family doctor or pneumologist is important to avoid complications, if symptoms persist, especially fever and fever, is necessary to return to the doctor.Learn more about bronchitis remedies.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs when there is a buildup of fluid in the alveoli, which are the air sacs inside the lungs, preventing enough oxygen from reaching the blood.This syndrome usually occurs in people who already have another lung disease at a later stage or in a person who has had a serious drowning accident, chest injuries, toxic gas inhalation.
Other types of serious illnesses can cause SED, such as serious pancreatic and heart diseases.It is important to remember that SED usually occurs in very weak and hospitalized people, except in the event of an accident.See here what child SDRA is and how to treat it.
What to do: LRA requires emergency care and treatment is done by several doctors and must be done in a hospital unit.