A placenta acreta, também conhecida por acretismo placentário, é uma situação em que a placenta não está aderida corretamente ao útero, sendo difícil a sua saída na hora do parto. Essa situação é uma das principais causas de complicações e óbito pós parto, pois está associada a grande risco de hemorragias.
Placental accreta can be classified according to the depth of implantation of the placenta in the uterus to:
- It is important that the placenta accreta is diagnosed during prenatal examinations so that a cesarean section followed by a hysterectomy can be scheduled.
- Which is usually the indicated treatment.
- And thus avoid complications for both the mother and the baby.
Normally, a woman does not experience any symptoms of a change in the placenta, so it is important that the woman perform prenatal care correctly so that this change can be identified.
Although signs and symptoms are not common in these cases, some women may experience light vaginal bleeding without pain and for no apparent reason during pregnancy, and it is recommended that you visit the obstetrician / gynecologist to identify the cause of the bleeding and begin treatment. .
The diagnosis of placenta accreta should be made by imaging tests, such as ultrasound and MRI, in addition to measuring blood markers that can indicate the change. These tests can be done during prenatal care, and early diagnosis of placental acetism reduces the risk of complications for women. Learn about other prenatal exams.
Ultrasound is generally indicated in patients considered at high risk and is a very safe technique for the mother and baby. The use of MRI for the diagnosis of placenta accreta is controversial, but may be indicated when the ultrasound result is considered questionable or inconclusive.
Performing an ultrasound to identify the placenta accreta is more indicated in women who are at higher risk of developing this problem, such as older women who have had uterine surgery, including caesarean section, who had previous uterine surgery. uterine fibroids or that have had a placenta. anterior, in which the placenta develops partially or completely in the lower region of the uterus. Learn more about placenta previa and how the treatment is done.
The risks of placenta accreta are related to when the placenta accreta is identified. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the lower the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, complications of delivery, preterm delivery, and the need for an emergency C-section.
Além disso, pode haver infecção, problemas relacionados à coagulação, ruptura da bexiga, perda da fertilidade e, caso não seja identificada e tratada corretamente, pode levar ao óbito.
Treatment of placental accreta can vary from woman to woman, and a cesarean section may be performed in conjunction with a hysterectomy, which is the medical procedure in which the uterus and, depending on the severity, associated structures such as the tubes and the ovaries. .
In some cases, conservative treatment may be indicated to preserve the woman’s fertility, with only a cesarean section and removal of the placenta, in addition to monitoring the woman after delivery for any bleeding or complications.