Pancytopenia is the simultaneous decrease in the number of blood cells, i. e. the reduction in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, which generates signs and symptoms such as paleness, fatigue, bruising, bleeding, fever and tendency to infections.
This condition can occur due to a rupture in bone marrow cell production, due to situations such as vitamin deficiency, genetic diseases, leukemia or leishmaniasis; or for the destruction of blood cells that have formed, due to immune diseases or diseases that stimulate the action of the blood, for example.
- Treatment of pancytopenia should be done in accordance with guidelines from your family doctor or hematologist depending on the cause of pancytopenia.
- Which may include the use of corticosteroids.
- Immunosuppressants.
- Antibiotics.
- Blood transfusions and blood draw.
- For example.
- Depending on the needs of each patient.
Signs and symptoms of pancytopenia are related to the reduction of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets, as well as the main ones:
It affects the action of the immune system, increasing the tendency to infections and infections.
This makes it difficult for the blood to clot, increasing the risk of bleeding and bruising, bruising and petechiae.
Depending on the case, there may also be signs and symptoms related to the disease that causes pancytopenia, such as an increase in abdomen size due to increased breast size, an enlarged lymph nodes of the body, and skin malformations, for example. Example.
Pancytopenia can occur due to situations: when the bone marrow does not produce blood cells properly or when the bone marrow produces them correctly, but the cells are destroyed in the bloodstream. The main causes of pancytopenia are:
Also, acute infectious diseases caused by bacteria, the virus, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can cause a strong immune response in the body, which could destroy blood cells acutely during infection.
Diagnosis of pancytopenia is made by a complete blood count, which is then checked for levels of white blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that have been reduced in the blood. However, it is also important to identify the cause of pancytopenia. action that should be performed by the GP or hematologist through observation of the medical history and physical examination performed on the patient. You may also recommend further testing to identify the cause of pancytopenia, such as:
Specific tests for the patient’s health status, such as multiple myeloma immunoeloma and bone marrow culture, may also be requested to identify infections, such as leishmaniasis.
The hematologist indicates the treatment of pancytopenia according to the cause, and may include the use of drugs that act on immunity, such as methylprednisolone or prednisone; immunosuppressants, such as Cyclosporin, in the case of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. In addition, if pancytopenia is caused by cancer, treatment may involve a bone marrow transplant.
Specific treatments for each microorganism, such as antibiotics, antivirals or pentavalent antimonials, are indicated for infections, as in the case of leishmaniasis, on the other hand, blood transfusion is not always adequate, although it would only require severe cases requiring rapid recovery. , depending on the cause.