Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies, which protect the body from the invasion of bacteria and viruses that cause infectious diseases.
Vaccines are available that are part of the national immunization plan, which are given free of charge, and some that can be given on a medical recommendation or if the person goes to places where there is a risk of contracting an infectious disease.
- Vaccines are intended to stimulate an immune response in the body and thus promote protection against various diseases.
- With fragments of the microorganism responsible for the disease or the dead microorganism.
- Inactivated or attenuated in its composition.
- Therefore.
- Vaccines can be divided into two types:.
Thus, from the moment the vaccine is administered, the immune system acts directly on the microorganism, or its fragments, promoting the production of specific antibodies. If the person comes into contact with the infectious agent in the future, the immune system can now fight and prevent the development of the disease.
The production and availability of vaccines for the entire population is a complex process and involves a number of steps.
The initial phase is the development of the research and treatment of the microorganism that will be present in the vaccine. Substances are then added that promote the immune response process and ensure the effectiveness of the vaccine. The process of making the vaccine can take from several months to several years and may vary depending on the infectious agent against which you wish to generate immunity.
For the vaccine to be available to the entire population, several tests are needed, which are carried out in three main stages:
An experimental vaccine is created and tested with fragments of dead, inactivated or attenuated microorganisms in a small number of people, and then the body’s reaction is observed after the vaccine is given and side effects develop.
This first phase lasts an average of 2 years and if the results are satisfactory, the vaccine goes to the 2nd phase.
The same vaccine is now being tested on a larger number of people, for example 1000 people, and in addition to observing how their body reacts and the side effects that occur, we are trying to find out if different dosages are effective in finding the right dosage. dose, which has fewer harmful effects, but can protect everyone, everyone.
Assuming the same vaccine has been successful until phase 2, it moves to the third phase, which involves applying the vaccine to more people, for example 5000, and seeing if they are actually protected or not.
However, even with the vaccine in the final phase of testing, it is important that the person take the same precautions related to protection against contamination by the infectious agent responsible for the disease in question. Therefore, if the test vaccine is against HIV, for example, it is important that the person continues to use condoms and avoid sharing needles.
There are several vaccines that are part of the national immunization plan and can be given free of charge:
In infants up to 9 months of age, the main vaccines listed in the vaccination plan are:
Bgc
Tuberculosis
Penta/DTP
Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, Haemophilus type B meningitis and hepatitis B
VIP / VOP
Polio
22 doses (with VIP)
Tyre 10
Invasive diseases and acute otitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rotavirus
Gastroenteritis
MeningoC
Meningococcal infection, including meningitis.
In children aged 1 to 9 years, the main vaccines identified in the vaccination plan are:
Penta/DTP
Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, Haemophilus type B meningitis and hepatitis B
VIP / VOP
Polio
Tyre 10
Invasive diseases and acute otitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningo C
Meningococcal infection, including meningitis.
Viral triple
Rubéola Paperas Measles
Viral Tetra
Measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox
Indicated when triple viral vaccine and chickenpox vaccine cannot be taken
Hpv
Human papillomavirus
In adolescents, adults, the elderly and pregnant women, vaccines are usually indicated when the childhood vaccination plan has not been followed. Thus, the main vaccines indicated during this period are:
Hepatitis B
Shown in the absence of vaccination between 0 and 6 months
Meningo C
Meningococcal infection, including meningitis.
Viral triple
Rubéola Paperas Measles
Indicated when the vaccine has not been received for 15 months
Double adult
Hpv
For children under 15 years of age, 2 doses are recommended in a 6-month range;
For unvaccinated adolescents over the age of 15, three doses are recommended.
dTpa for adults
Diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough
Watch the video below and understand why vaccination is so important:
In some cases, immune memory lasts a lifetime, but in others the vaccine needs to be strengthened, such as meningococcal disease, diphtheria or tetanus, for example.
It is also important to know that the vaccine takes some time to take effect, so if the person becomes infected shortly after taking it, the vaccine may not be effective and the person may be able to develop the disease.
Yes, as a risk group, pregnant women should receive certain vaccines, such as flu vaccine, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough, which are used to protect pregnant women and babies. Other vaccines should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and prescribed by your doctor. See which vaccines are indicated during pregnancy.
No. In general, people who faint after receiving a vaccine are because they are afraid of the needle because they suffer and panic.
Yes, vaccines can be given to breastfeeding mothers to prevent the mother from transmitting viruses or bacteria to the baby, but it is important for the woman to have the advice of the doctor. The only contrast vaccines indicated for breastfeeding women are yellow fever and dengue fever.
Yes, giving more than one vaccine at a time does not harm your health.
Combined vaccines are vaccines that protect the person from more than one disease and where a single injection is required, such as triple viral, tetraviral or bacterial penta, for example.