Mental disorders are dysfunctions of mind functioning, which can affect everyone at any age and are usually caused by complex changes in the central nervous system.
There are several types of mental disorders, which are categorized into types, and some of the most common are those related to anxiety, depression, diet, personality or movement, for example.Then we’ll talk about the main mental disorders in the population, and in the end, there’s a complete list of other existing types.
- Anxiety disorders are very common.
- Approximately 1 in 4 people see the doctor and are characterized by a feeling of discomfort.
- Tension.
- Fear or discomfort.
- Which are very unpleasant and are usually caused by the anticipation of a danger or something unknown.
The most common forms of anxiety are generalized anxiety, panic syndrome and phobias.They are very harmful because they affect a person’s social and emotional life and cause uncomfortable symptoms such as palpitations, cold sweats, tremors, shortness of breath, choking sensation, tingling or chills, for example, and increased risk of developing depression or alcohol.drug dependence.
What to do: Psychotherapy with the psychologist is recommended, in addition to follow-up with the psychiatrist who, in some cases, may indicate the use of medications to relieve symptoms, such as antidepressants or anxiolytics, is also oriented to physical activity and in addition, it may be useful to invest in natural methods or leisure activities such as meditation, dance or yoga.Learn more about treating anxiety.
About 15% of people have depression at some point in their lives, depression is defined as the depressive mood that persists for more than 2 weeks, with sadness and loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and that may be accompanied by signs and symptoms such as irritability, insomnia or excessive sleep, apathy, weight loss or weight gain , lack of energy or difficulty concentrating, for example.Understand how to know if it’s sadness or depression.
What to do: to treat depression follow-up with the psychiatrist is indicated, which will indicate the treatment based on the severity of the disease and the symptoms that present The main way to treat depression is the combination of psychotherapy with the psychologist and the use of antidepressant medications prescribed by the psychiatrist, such as sertraline, amitripline or venlafaxin For example.
Schizophrenia is the main psychotic disorder, characterized as a syndrome that causes disorders of language, thought, perception, social activity, affection and will; it is most common in young people in late adolescence, although it may occur in other ages, and some of the most common signs and symptoms are hallucinations, behavioral changes, delusions, disorganized thinking, movement changes, or superficial affections, for example.
Although the cause of schizophrenia is not known exactly, it is known to be related to genetic changes that cause abnormalities in the brain’s neurotransmitter systems, and that it can be inherited. Find out what the main types of schizophrenia are and how to confirm them.
What to do: Psychiatric follow-up is required, indicating the use of antipsychotic drugs, such as risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine and olanzapine, for example.In addition, home teaching and follow-up with other health professionals, such as psychology, occupational therapy, and nutrition, for example, are critical for fully effective treatment.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by intentional weight loss caused by refusal to eat, distorted image and fear of weight gain.Bulimia, on the other hand, involves ingesting large amounts of food and then trying to eliminate calories in a harmful way, for example causing vomiting, laxative use, intense physical exercise or prolonged fasting.
Eating disorders are more common among young people and are becoming more common due to the culture of aesthetic appreciation.While anorexia and bulimia are the best-known eating disorders, other eating-related problems include ortorexia, which is an excessive concern about eating healthy foods., vigorexia, which is the obsession of the muscular body, or bingeing, for example.Find out what the main eating disorders are.
What to do: There is no simple treatment for eating disorders, which require psychiatric, psychological and nutritional treatment, and medications are usually indicated only in cases of associated diseases, such as anxiety or depression. Support and counseling groups can be good ways to complete treatment and achieve good results.
Post-traumatic stress is anxiety that occurs after you are exposed to a traumatic situation, such as an assault, death threat, or the loss of a loved one, for example.The affected person usually constantly revives what happened with memories or dreams and exhibits intense anxiety and psychological distress.Find out how to tell if it’s post-traumatic stress disorder.
What to do: Treatment is done with psychotherapy, where the psychologist tries to help understand what events cause involuntary fears and how they can release traumatic memories of those events.For example, in the case of a bank robbery victim, psychotherapy can help change the perception of the fact.Thus, the person begins to realize that the irrational fear he feels of always being attacked when entering a bank is not real.However, in some cases, it may also be necessary to see a psychiatrist to recommend the use of medications, such as antidepressants or anxiolytics, to relieve symptoms.
Somatization is a disorder in which the person has multiple physical complaints, referring to different organs of the body, but which are not explained by any clinical change, usually they are people who attend the doctor constantly with many complaints, and during medical evaluation, physical examination and scans, nothing is detected.
In most cases, people with somatization disorders have anxiety and mood swings, as well as being impulsive, when, in addition to feeling that the person is intentionally faking or causing symptoms, the disease is called the dummy disorder.
What to do: Psychiatric and psychological follow-up is necessary for the person to relieve symptoms, in some cases medications such as antidepressants or anxiolytics may be needed, more information on somatizations and psychosomatic diseases may be needed.
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric disease that causes unpredictable mood swings, ranging from depression, which consists of sadness and discouragement, to mania, impulsivity and an overly extroverted characteristic.
What to do: Treatment is usually done with mood-stabilising medications, such as lithium carbonate, which should be recommended by the psychiatrist.Understand how to identify and treat this disease.
Also known as OTE, this disorder causes obsessive and compulsive thoughts that interfere with a person’s daily activity, such as exaggeration of cleanliness, obsession with hand washing, the need for symmetry, or impulsivity to accumulate objects, for example.
What to do: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is guided by the psychiatrist, with the taking of antidepressants such as clomipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine or sertraline, and cognitive behavioral therapy is also recommended.Learn more about identifying and treating this disorder.Disease.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the list of principles includes:
There are also several other types of disorders, such as those related to social, educational, professional or economic problems, for example.