Mental disorders are dysfunctional in the functioning of the mind, can affect anyone at any age and are usually caused by complex changes in the central nervous system.
There are several types of mental disorders that are classified into different types, and some of the most common communities include those related to anxiety, depression, nutrition, personality or movement, for example, then the main mental disorders of the population are mentioned, and in the end a complete list of other types of disorders is found.
- Anxiety disorders are very common.
- Present around 1 in 4 people who see the doctor.
- It is characterized by a feeling of discomfort.
- Of tension.
- Of fear of the present evil.
- Which are very unpleasant and that occur by anticipation of a danger or something unknown.
Common forms of anxiety related to generalized anxiety, panic syndrome and phobias, and very harmful effects both on the social and emotional life of the person, as well as on the production of uncomfortable symptoms, such as palpitations, cold sweats, temples, shortness of breath , feelings of suffering, stress or chills, for example, and the increased risk of developing depression or addiction to alcohol and medications.
What to do: Recommend psychotherapy with your psychologist, in addition to follow-up with your psychiatrist, which, in some cases, may indicate the use of medications that relieve symptoms, such as antidepressants or anxiolytics. Physical activity is also recommended, and it may also be helpful to invest in natural methods or leisure activities such as meditation, dance or yoga for example.
About 15% of people develop depression at some point in their lives, depression is defined as the depressive mood that persists for more than 2 weeks, with sadness and loss of interest in activities, which can be accompanied by signs and symptoms such as irritability, insomnia, excessive fatigue, apathy, weight loss, weight gain, lack of energy hinder concentration For example. It distinguishes between sadness and depression.
What to do: To treat depression follow-up with the psychiatrist is indicated, which will indicate treatment according to the severity of the image and the symptoms presented The main way to treat depression is the combination of psychotherapy with the psychologist and the use of antidepressants prescribed by the psychiatrist, such as sertraline, amitriptyline or venlafaxine, for example.
Schizophrenia is the main psychotic disorder, characterized as a syndrome that produces problems with language, thought, perception, social interaction, affection and volunteering, it is more common in young people, in late adolescence, despite its power, arises from other ages, and some of the signs and symptoms of common hallucinations, changes in behavior, illusions, disorganized thoughts, changes in movement and superficial affect, for example.
Although the cause of schizophrenia is not known exactly, it is known to be related to genetic alterations that cause defects in brain neurotransmitter systems, and could be hereditary. We know the main types of schizophrenia and how they are treated.
What to do: Psychiatric monitoring is necessary, which will indicate the use of antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone, quetiapine, clonazepam or olanzapine, for example, it is also essential to guide the family, and follow up with other healthcare professionals, such as psychology, occupational therapy and nutrition for example, to make treatment as effective as possible.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by intentional weight loss caused by food rejection, image distortion and fear of weight gain. Bulimia consisted of eating good foods and then trying to eliminate calories in a harmful way, for example by causing vomiting, laxative use, strenuous physical exercise. exercise or prolonged exercise.
Food disruptions are more common among young people and have become increasingly harmful to the culture of aesthetic improvement. Despite the fact that anorexia and bulimia are the most disruptive eating disorders, other nutrition-related problems include ortorexia, which is an excessive concern for a healthy diet, vigorexia, muscular body obsession, compulsive diet, for example. Enjoy the great eating disorders.
What to do: There is no simple treatment for food interruption, although psychiatric, psychological and nutritional treatment is needed, and only appropriate medications should be provided for associated diseases, such as anxiety and depression. Support groups and counseling can be great ways to complete treatment and achieve good results.
Post-traumatic stress is anxiety that results from exposure to a traumatic situation, such as asphalt, threatening death, or the loss of a loved one, for example, in general, the affected person continually relives what happened to their feelings and presents intense anxiety. psychological suffering.
What to do: Treatment is done with psychotherapy, where the psychologist tries to help and understand events that cause involuntary fear and how they can release traumatic memories of these events, for example, in the case of a person who has asphalt on a floor. In the bank, psychotherapy can alter the perception of the event, so the person begins to understand that the irrational fear of thinking that he can always be lifted between a bank, is not real, however, in some cases, it can also be. It is necessary to consult your psychiatrist to indicate the use of medications, such as antidepressants or anxiolytics, to relieve symptoms.
The summation is a disorder in which the person presents multiple physicist, referring to different organs of the body, but that are not explained by any clinical alteration, as a rule there are people who constantly assist the doctor in case of any doubt, and in medical evaluation, physical examination and tests, nothing is detected.
In most cases, people with somatization disorders experience anxiety and mood swings, as well as impulsivity. When, in addition to feeling, the person intends to intentionally cause symptoms, the disease will be called fractional disorder.
What to do: there is a need for psychiatric and psychological support, so that the person can relieve symptoms, in some cases medications such as antidepressants or anxiolytics may be needed, know more about the causes and treatment of psychosomatic diseases.
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition that produces unpredictable mood swings, ranging from depression, consisting of sadness and despair, to mania.
What to do: Treat your skin with mood-stabilizing medications, such as lithium carbonate, which should be prescribed by your psychiatrist.
Also known as ODO, this disorder produces obsessive and compulsive thoughts that interfere with a person’s daily activity, such as exaggeration of cleanliness, obsession with hand washing, the need for symmetry, and a desire to accumulate objects, for example.
What to do: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder is guided by the psychiatrist, with the intake of antidepressant drugs, such as chloramineprine, paroxetine, fluoxetine or sertraline, and is also recommended for cognitive behavioral therapy.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the list of the main disorders includes:
In addition, there are other types of disorders related, for example, to social, educational, professional or economic problems.