General anesthesia is a method used to deeply sleep a person so that a person becomes aware, sensitive and bodily reflexes, this is done before surgery to prevent the person from suffering discomfort during the surgical procedure.
It can be administered by venous, immediate effect or by inhalation with mask, using blood flow after its passage through the lungs, and the duration of its effect determines the anaesthetist, who is the doctor who decides who will be the type, dose and corner of the anesthetic drug.
- However.
- It is still used as the first general anesthesia option for surgery.
- Which is reserved for major surgeries and require more time than abdominal.
- Chest or cardiac surgery.
- In other cases it is advisable to anesthetize both in the region where the procedure is performed.
- Local anesthesia such as dermatological surgery or tooth extraction.
- Epidural anesthesia.
- For delivery or gynecological surgery.
- For example.
- Will be performed in this case.
General anesthesia can be performed by injection or inhalation, and no method is better than another. Before the operation, the anesthesiologist should talk to the person to perform an anesthesia history where the doctor will review information of interest such as whether he or she is allergic to a drug, age, weight, height, fasting time, and health conditions, given an individual assessment of the case, which will be important in determining the records, type and course of medication , in addition to the type of surgery to be performed.
There are several medications, which are usually associated, so in addition to knocking the person unconscious, this causes insensitivity to pain, muscle relaxation and amnesia, so everything that happens during surgery is forgotten by the patient.
This anesthesia is performed by inhaling gases containing anesthetic drugs, taking a few minutes to be effective, this is because the drug first reaches the lungs and blood flows into the bloodstream and finally into the brain.
The concentration of the amount of gas inhaled is determined by the anesthetist, which will depend on the time of the surgery, which can range from a few minutes to a few hours, and the sensitivity of each person to the drug.
To reduce the effect of anesthesia, gas release should be stopped with the medicine, allowing the body to remove anesthetics from the liver or kidneys.
Examples: some examples of anesthetics by inhalation in methoxyflurane, enflurane, halotane, ethyl ether, isoflurane or nitrous oxide.
This type of anesthesia is performed by injecting the anesthetic drug directly into the vein, causing immediate sedation. The depth of sedation depends on the type and amount of medicine injected by the anesthetist, which will also depend on the duration of the surgery, the sensitivity of each person, in addition to age, weight, height and health conditions.
Examples: examples of injectable anesthetics, such as thiopental, propofol, etomidate or ketamine. In addition to these drugs, it is possible to provide the effects of other drugs to improve anesthesia such as sedatives, opioid painkillers or muscle blockers, for example.
The duration of anesthesia is scheduled by the anaesthetist, which will depend on the type of surgery and the type of surgery.
The time it takes an individual to wake up can range from a few minutes to a few hours after the end of surgery, unlike anesthetics used in the past that lasted the day, today this type of drug is more modern and effective For example, the anesthesia applied by the dentist should be in two low doses , lasting a few minutes, although anesthesia for heart surgery can last 10 hours.
In order to perform any type of anesthesia, it is important that the patient is monitored with devices to measure the cortex of the heart, blood pressure and breathing, since the sensation can be very deep, it is important to control the functioning of vital signs.
Some people may experience side effects during the anesthesia procedure, which has been used for a few hours, such as mares, vomiting, headaches, and allergies to the active substance of the drug.
More serious complications, such as respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or neurological damage, are rare, but can occur in people who are not healthy enough, such as people malnourished with heart, lung or kidney disease, and who use too many medications. or illicit drugs.
It is even rarer for anesthesia to have a partial effect such as calming consciousness, but allowing the person to move, on the contrary, that the person cannot move, but can feel and hear the things that happen in their environment.