Diuretics are remedies that can be used alone or associated with other active substances, for the treatment of high blood pressure, swelling caused by heart, kidney or liver disease, among others.
Several types of diuretics are available, such as thiazides, cove inhibitors, potassium inhibitors, osmotics or carbon dioxide, with different mechanisms of action and acting in different regions of the kidney, which should be prescribed depending on the problem to be treated.
- These diuretics have as a mechanism of action inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the initial part of the distal renal tubule.
- Increasing their excretion.
- As well as excretion of chlorides and.
- To a lesser extent.
- Potassium and magnesium.
- Which therefore lead to elimination.
- Water.
- These remedies have a moderate potency.
Generic/commercial names: Some examples of thiazide diuretics are indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), hydrochlorothiazide (Diurix, Hidromed) and chlorothalidone (Higroton).
Therapeutic indications: Diuretics of this class are generally indicated to lower blood pressure and for the chronic treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease.
Most common side effects: Some of the most common side effects that can occur during treatment with these medications are dizziness, headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and changes in blood and skin.
Cove diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the ascending branch of Henle Cove, resulting in a reduction in tubular water reabsorption.In addition, these remedies also have direct effects on blood flow, causing vasodilation and a reduction in renal vascular resistance.have a powerful diuretic effect, with a quick start and short-lived
Generic/ commercial names: Furosemide (Lasix, Neosemid) is a widely used cove diuretic.Learn how to use and what contraindications of furosemide.
Therapeutic Indications: Cove diuretics are indicated for the control of acute lung oedema and other types of milder oedema, acute renal failure and high blood pressure, in addition, they can also be used to treat acute hypercalcemia, as they promote urinary calcium excretion.
Most common side effects: Some of the side effects that can occur during treatment are electrolyte disorders, dehydration, hypovolemia, increased levels of creatinine and triglycerides in the blood, gout attacks and increased urinary volume.
These drugs inhibit potassium excretion at the terminal level of the derived distal tubus and in the collector tube, and may or may not have an antagonistic action of aldosterone.
Spironolactone is a specific antagonist of aldosterone, which acts primarily on aldosterone-dependent ions and the potassium exchange site, located in the delimited distal tube of the kidney and resulting in an increase in the amounts of sodium and water being excreted, while retaining potassium.
Generic/commercial names: Some examples of potassium-sparing diuretics are amyloid, which is only associated with other active substances, and spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua).See other therapeutic indications for spironolactone.
Therapeutic indications: Potassium-sparing diuretics have a low diuretic action and are therefore rarely used alone in the treatment of edema or hypertension and are generally associated with other diuretics.Its coadministration increases the diuretic effect and antihypertensive response to thiazide diuretics and cove.
Most common side effects: some of the side effects that may occur are extracellular volume expansion, dehydration and hypernatremia.
These drugs increase the osmolarity of the glomerular filter, which induces the movement of intracellular water in an extracellular and vascular space, inducing a marked diuresis, thus decreasing intracranial pressure and edema and elevated intraocular pressure.
Generic/commercial names: 20% mannitol. Find out how mannitol is used.
Therapeutic indications: 20% mannitol is indicated for the treatment of cerebral edema, acute glaucoma, acute renal failure and in preparation for ophthalmic surgery.
Most common side effects: Some of the most common side effects that may occur are nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, tremors, fever, increased heart rate, chest pain, hypernatremia, dehydration, blurred vision, hives or high blood pressure..
These drugs inhibit carbon dioxide, which is an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid, as a result, there is a decrease in carbonic acid, which leads to alkalinization of urine, promoting diuresis.
Generic/ commercial names: acetazolamide (Diamox). Learn how to use and what the contraindications of Diamox are.
Therapeutic indications: Carbon dioxide inhibitors are indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, urinary alkalization, metabolic alkalosis and acute mountain disease.
Most common side effects: some of the side effects that may occur are metabolic acidosis, expansion of extracellular fluid volume, hyponatremia, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and dehydration.