Diabetes insipidus is an alteration of urine concentration, which converts it into excess water and causes dehydration and a lot of thirst, this occurs by decreasing the production of antidiuretic hormone or DHA, due to changes in the central nervous system or changes in its action.due to kidney failure.
Diabetes is not one of the types of diabetes mellitus, which is due to an increase in blood sugar.If you want to know the types of diabetes mellitus, click here.
Thus, the main causes of diabetes insipid are
Central diabetes insipid is caused by changes in the region of the brain called the hypothalamus, which loses its ability to produce the hormone DHA, also called vasopressin, and the main causes are:
Without adequate levels of brain-stimulated DHA, the kidneys cannot control urine production, which forms in large quantities, reaching several liters per day.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the concentration of antidiuretic hormone in the blood is normal but the kidneys do not respond normally.The main causes are:
In addition, there are genetic causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipid, which are rarer and more severe, as they occur since childhood.
The person with diabetes insipidus has symptoms such as excessive thirst and excess urine, which leads to the need for a large supply of fluids, in addition, over time, excessive fluid consumption leads to increased sensitivity and less production of the antidiuretic.Hormone.
So the symptoms are
To diagnose this condition, your doctor should order urine tests to evaluate its density, as well as blood tests to evaluate sodium and potassium values.An MRI of the brain may be done to evaluate changes in the brain that could trigger diabetes insipid.
Treatment of diabetes insipid depends on the severity and type of disease of each person, which can be cured or persisted for some time. Mild and moderate cases can be controlled with a low-salt diet and the use of certain thiazidic diuretics, which help control urine.hydrochlorothiazide, for example, or other medicines such as chlorpropamide, carbamazepines or anti-inflammatory drugs.
In more severe and central cases, dha replacement may be necessary, through the drug desmopressin or DDAVP, which can be administered by venous, oral or inhaled form.
Also, whenever possible, it’s important to manage problems that cause diabetes insipid, such as medications and infections.