Central venous catheterization, also known as CVC, is a medical procedure that is performed to facilitate the treatment of certain patients, especially in situations where it is necessary to infuse large volumes of fluids into the bloodstream, the use of venous access for long periods, for better hemodynamic monitoring, as well as for blood infusion of parenteral nutrition , for example, if safer access to blood vessels is needed.
The central venous catheter is wide and wider, larger than common peripheral catheters used in veins in places such as the arm, and has been developed to enter large veins in the body, such as the subclavia located in the chest, located in the chest of the body located in the groin region.
- Generally.
- This procedure is indicated in an intensive care environment (ICU) or in an emergency situation.
- And should be performed by the doctor.
- Following a technique that requires surgical and sterile equipment.
- After being placed.
- Nursing care is required to observe and prevent complications such as infections or bleeding.
The main indications of central venous access are
Achieving central venous access should take some care to reduce the risk of complications. Also, this procedure is not indicated in cases of infections or deformities instead of puncture, changes in blood clotting or in cases of severe bleeding stretch marks, except in specific situations indicated. by the doctor.
To perform a central venous catheterization it is necessary to position the person, who is usually resting on a stretcher, then the doctor identifies the exact location of the puncture, performing antisepsy in the surrounding area and area, to eliminate outbreaks of infection.
In addition, your doctor and equipment should wash your hands well and remove materials that reduce the risk of infection, such as sterile handles, masks, hats, surgical gowns, and sterile fields.
The technique used to perform a central venous catheterization is called the Seldinger Technique, for this purpose in addition to protective equipment should be used as equipment, bag and suitcase, anesthetic, sterile gas, scalpel and central catheter kit, It also contains water, a guide tube, an intravenous dilator and a catheter, how to hold it and thread to fix the catheter on the wall.
Currently, some doctors have chosen to use ultrasound to guide catheter insertion and reduce the risk of complications.
In addition, it is important to remember that, as an invasive procedure, it is necessary to inform and obtain the patient’s consent for its realization, except in emergency situations, the risk of endless death, when communication is not possible.
Central venous catheterization can be performed in 3 ways, depending on the vein chosen to pierce:
The choice of the type of venous access is made by the doctor based on the experience, preferences and characteristics of the patient, and all effective techniques, with their pros and cons. For example, in patients suffering from chest trauma when cardiopulmonary, femoral resuscitation is required. Venous puncture is indicated, but people accidentally infected with the jugular vein are less likely to become infected.
Normally, the central venous catheter is used only in the hospital, and should be properly maintained to prevent microorganisms from entering the body, which can cause serious infection and endanger life.
CVC also often needs nursing care such as
When caring for the central venous catheter it is always important to wash your hands first and use a sterile technique, to decide, you must manipulate the CVC using a sterile field, sterilized skins, even if you administer only certain types of medication.
Central venous access can cause complications such as bleeding, bruising, infections, pulmonary perforations, arrhythmias or venous thrombosis.