The cardiovascular system is a set of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The function of circulation is to complement the needs of body tissues, transport nutrients such as oxygen, eliminate products from metabolism, bring hormones from one part of the body to another and maintain fluids in the body for cells to function properly.
In addition to this, the cardiovascular system also performs another important function, which will lower the oxygen in the blood to carry out gas exchange and oxygenate again.
The main components of the cardiovascular system are
The heart is the main organ of the cardiovascular system and is characterized by being a hollow muscle, located in the center of the chest and functioning as a kind of pump, divided into four chambers:
From hearing aids to hearing aids: where blood from the lungs through the left atrium of the body through the right atrium comes from;
Ventricles: Blood that bleeds from the heart to the lungs or the rest of the body.
The side of the heart receives blood rich in carbon dioxide, also known as venous blood, and takes it to the lungs from where it receives oxygen; from the lungs, blood flows into the left atrium and into the left ventricle, from where it sells. the aortic artery that carries oxygen-rich blood and nutrients throughout the body.
To circulate throughout the body, blood flows into blood vessels classified as:
Arteries: They are flexible and flexible because they must carry blood from the heart and withstand high blood pressure. Its elasticity to maintain blood pressure during heart barking;
Minor arteries and arterioles: have muscle walls that adjust their diameter to increase the decrease in blood flow in a given area;
Capillaries: are small blood vessels and extremely thin walls that act as bridges between the arteries. These allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through the bloodstream and metabolic waste to pass through the blood;
Veins: they carry blood from the heart and are generally not under great pressure and do not need to be as flexible as the arteries.
All the functioning of the cardiovascular system rests on the barking of the heart, from which the atria and ventricles of the heart relax and contract forming a cycle that guarantees circulation throughout the body.
The cardiovascular system can be divided into its main parts: pulmonary circulation (small circulation), which carries blood to the lungs and lung blood cells, and systemic circulation (large circulation), which carries blood from the heart to all tissues in the body through the artery of the aorta.
Cardiovascular system physiology includes several steps including
The body’s blood, low in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide, circulates through the veins of the right atrium;
The opening of the right atrium sends blood to the right ventricle;
When the ventricle closes, it pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries to drain the lungs;
Blood flows through the capillaries in the form of plumes, absorbing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide;
Oxygen-rich blood circulates through the pulmonary veins to the atrium of the heart;
Remove the left atrium, send oxygen-rich blood to the left ventricle;
When the ventricle is sucked, pump blood through the aortic valve into the aorta;
Finally, oxygen-rich blood irrigates the entire body, providing the energy needed for the functioning of all organs.
There are several diseases that can affect the cardiovascular system, the most common features include:
Heart attack: severe pain caused by lack of blood in the heart, which can lead to death.
Cardiac arrhythmia: characterized by irregular heart barking, which can cause palpitations and shortness of breath.
Heart failure: occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, causing shortness of air and inflammation of the ducts;
Congenital heart disease: there are heart defects that are present in the heart, such as one in the heart;
Cardiomyopathy: is a disease that affects the contraction of the heart muscle;
Valvulopathy is a set of diseases that affect some of the four valves that control blood flow in the heart.
Stroke: caused by obstruction or rupture of the blood vessels of the brain. In addition, stroke can lead to loss of movement, speech and vision problems.
Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease and stroke, are the leading causes of death worldwide. Advances in medicine have helped reduce these numbers, but the best treatment remains preventive.