As doenças venéreas, atualmente conhecidas como infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, ou ISTs, são doenças transmitidas por meio da relação sexual oral, vaginal ou anal desprotegida, ou seja, sem preservativo, mesmo que não existam sinais e sintomas evidentes e característicos da doença, é possível que haja transmissão para o parceiro sexual.
The main STIs are gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, HPV and HIV infection, and it is important that the infection is identified, preferably in the early stages of the disease, as treatment may begin soon after and increase the chances of recovery.that treatment is done by the couple, because even if there are no signs or symptoms of the disease, there may be transmission and infection.
There are several diseases that can be transmitted sexually, the main ones being:
HIV infection is an STI that is easily transmitted through unprotected sex, but the virus can also be transmitted through contact with an infected person’s blood or by sharing needles and syringes in which at least one person carries the virus.
Main symptoms: Symptoms of HIV infection are difficult to identify because they can have a flu-like onset of illness. Some of the symptoms that may appear about 2 weeks after contact with the virus are headache, low fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, sores and sores in the mouth, excessive fatigue and a sore throat, for example. However, in some people the disease can go away for more than 10 years.
How treatment is performed: Treatment of HIV infection is done with a combination of antiretroviral drugs that act by lowering the rate of replication of the virus, increasing the number of cells in the immune system and controlling the disease.It is important that treatment is done in accordance with your doctor’s advice and use a condom at all times to prevent transmission of the virus.See how HIV treatment should be performed.
Gonorrhea is an infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae that can be transmitted sexually and can be easily fought with the treatment indicated by your doctor.However, if the infection is caused by resistant bacteria, commonly known as supergonorrhea, treatment can be more complicated.
Principais sintomas: Os sintomas da gonorreia normalmente aparecem cerca de 10 dias após o contato com a bactéria, sendo os principais dor e queimação ao urinar e desconforto abdominal. Os homens infectados também podem ter os testículos doloridos, a pele do pênis inflamada e ser notada a saída de líquido amarelado pelo pênis, enquanto que as mulheres podem apresentar sangramento entre o período menstrual e após as relações sexuais e aparecimento de corrimento banco-amarelado semelhante a pus.
How treatment is performed: Treatment of gonorrhea should be performed by the couple, as even in the absence of symptoms there is a risk of transmission.The use of antibiotics, such as azithromycin or ceftriaxone, is usually indicated to kill bacteria, and it is important that treatment is done according to your doctor’s recommendations, even if there are no more symptoms, to ensure that the bacteria has actually been eliminated.
While gonorrhea can cure, the person does not develop immunity to the disease, i.e. he or she may have the disease again if it comes into contact with the bacteria, so it is important that a condom is used in all sexual encounters.
Understand how gonorrhea is treated
Chlamydia is one of the most common STIs and is caused by chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, which can infect men and women during unprotected oral and vaginal sex.In men, infection is more common in the urethra, rectum or throat, while in women, infection of the cervix and rectum is more common.
Main symptoms: Chlamydia symptoms may appear up to 3 weeks after contact with the bacteria, but even in the absence of signs or symptoms, the person can transmit the bacteria.The main symptoms associated with infection are pain and burns when urinating, pain or bleeding during intercourse, pain in the pelvic area, vaginal discharge of type pus in women and swelling of the testicles and inflammation of the urethra in men.Find out how to identify chlamydia.
How treatment is performed: Treatment of chlamydia should be provided by the couple, even if the partner has no symptoms, recommending the use of antibiotics to eliminate bacteria, preventing transmission, although treatment can cure the disease, the person does not develop immunity and therefore it is important to continue using the condom to prevent the infection from being restored.
Syphilis, also known as hard cancer, is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is transmitted during unprotected sex and is often not noticeable, only when the disease is already at a more advanced stage, called tertiary syphilis.They are often confused with those of other diseases and disappear after a while.
Main symptoms: The first symptom of syphilis is the appearance of a wound that does not hurt, sting or cause discomfort in the genital area and that goes away alone without treatment, a few weeks after the disappearance of this wound, other symptoms appear if they are not identified and treated, such as red spots on the skin, mouth, palms and plants of the feet , muscle aches, sore throats, weight loss and lack of appetite, for example, which can also disappear over time.However, the disappearance of síntomas.no means that the bacteria has been removed from the body and that the disease has healed, it is important that the person goes to the doctor to identify the disease and initiate appropriate treatment.Learn more about syphilis symptoms.
How treatment is performed: The treatment of syphilis should be performed by the couple using antibiotics, such as benzynyl penicillin, which works by decreasing the rate of bacterial proliferation and favoring its elimination.The duration of treatment depends on the stage of infection and the amount of bacteria present in the body, and may vary from person to person.In addition, even when verified by evidence that the amount of bacteria in the body is undetectable, it is necessary to use a condom because the person does not acquire immunity.
Learn more about syphilis by watching the following video
Venereal lymphogranuloma, also known as LGV or mules, is also a disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis that is transmitted from person to person through unprotected sex, being more common in humans. The diagnosis of LGV is done by evaluating the signs and symptoms that occur.by the person and the result of additional laboratory tests.
Main symptoms: In THE LGV, the bacteria affects the genitals and lymph nodes of the groin, causing inflamed and fluid-filled wounds in the genital area, as well as lesions, fever, discomfort, headache, inflammation of the rectum and swelling of which the groin may also be noticed.
How treatment is done: Treatment of venereal lymphogranuloma is done with antibiotics that should be used as a medical indication, in addition, it is important to pay attention to intimate hygiene and use condom in all sexual intercourse.
HPV, also known as insight condyloma, is an STI caused by human papillomavirus, which is highly infectious and can be transmitted through unprotected sex through contact with injuries or secretions of an infected person.The disease has a chronic progression and, in some cases, if not identified and treated, can progress to cervical cancer in women.
Main symptoms: The main symptom of HPV infection is the appearance of warts in the genital area, which by their appearance are commonly called crest, which can be large or small, of skin color, pink or brownish and may occur with other symptoms such as itching and discomfort in the genital area and bleeding during sex , but these symptoms are rare.
How treatment is done: Hpv treatment is designed to relieve symptoms and treat injuries, as existing remedies are not able to eliminate the virus, so it is important that even if the lesions go away, the condom is used, as the person can still carry the virus and transmit it to someone else.Your doctor usually indicates the use of anti-mycosic and anti-war ointments, such as Podofilox or Imiquimod, and medications that help strengthen the immune system, as well as cauterization to remove warts.
remedies to strengthen the immune system, as well as cauterization to remove warts.
HPV is curable when the immune system naturally removes the virus, without any signs or symptoms of infection.Understand when HPV is curable.
Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B virus and can be transmitted through unprotected sex because the virus is found in the blood, semen and vaginal secretions and can be easily transmitted during sex.
However, hepatitis B infection can also occur through other means, such as contact with the blood or secretions of an infected person, sharing personal items such as a razor blade, or using blood-contaminated materials or secretions, such as syringes and needles used when injecting drugs or getting a tattoo.Learn more about hepatitis B.
Main symptoms: Hepatitis B symptoms usually appear about 1 to 3 months after contact with the virus to begin to appear and are usually related to liver disorders, as this virus has a predilection for this organ, resulting in nausea, vomiting, fever, yellowing eyes and skin, abdominal pain, dark urine and light stools.
However, some people may not show signs or symptoms of the disease because they are only diagnosed by hepatitis B-specific blood tests.
How treatment is performed: Hepatitis B treatment is based on the stage of the disease, with most of the time only rest and hydration indicated, as the virus can be eliminated by the body; However, in more severe cases, the use of certain antivirals and immunomodulatory remedies, such as interferon and lamivudine, may be recommended.
Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease, in which the first dose is given within the first 12 hours of the baby’s life and subsequent doses during the first month of life and 6 months, for a total of 3 doses.Dosages have been administered, it is important to use condom to also avoid other STIs.Learn more about the hepatitis B vaccine.
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes virus that is transmitted from person to person during unprotected sex when it comes into contact with fluid released by blisters that form in the genital area due to the presence of the virus.
Main symptoms: The main symptom of genital herpes is the appearance of blisters in the genital area, about 10 to 15 days after contact with the virus, which can cause burns, pain and discomfort in the area; These blisters often burst and result in small lesions at the site. The presence of wounds at the site can promote the entry of other microorganisms into the body, resulting in secondary infections. Learn to identify the symptoms of genital herpes.
How treatment is done: Treatment of genital herpes is done with the use of antiviral medications, such as aciclovir and valaciclovir, which can be used in the form of ointments or pills, and that work by decreasing the rate of replication of the virus and the risk of transmission to others In addition, because blisters can cause pain and discomfort , your doctor may also indicate the use of anesthetic ointments.
The main way to prevent STIs is to use condoms during all sex, even if there is no penetration, because if one of the people is infected, only contact with the mucosa or lesions may be sufficient for transmission of the infectious agent.
In addition to using condoms, one way to prevent HPV is vaccination, which the SUS makes available to girls from 9 to 14 years old and boys from 11 to 14 years old.There is also the hepatitis B vaccine, which is given in three doses., although all doses of vaccines have been administered, it is important that condoms continue to be used as they provide protection against other sexually transmitted infections.
Learn how to use a condom correctly and clarify key questions by watching the following video: